N5Chapter 04

漢字 (Kanji) Part 2

Learning Objectives

  • Learn Kanji related to people (man, woman, child, mouth).
  • Learn spatial and directional Kanji (up, down, left, right, middle).
  • Learn Kanji for relative sizes (big, small).
  • Learn Kanji related to nations and languages.
N5 · Context

Now that you understand the basics of Kanji readings (On’yomi and Kun’yomi), let’s expand your vocabulary! In this chapter, we will focus on Kanji that describe people, spatial directions, and simple descriptive concepts. Many of these characters are pictographs, meaning they physically resemble the concepts they represent. For example, 人 looks like a person standing with their legs apart!

1. People

These Kanji are the core building blocks for talking about human beings and their features.

Person2 strokes
On'yomi

ジン / ニン (jin / nin)

Kun'yomi

ひと (hito)

Vocabulary Examples
  • ひと
    Person
  • 日本人にほんじん
    Japanese person
Child3 strokes
On'yomi

シ / ス (shi / su)

Kun'yomi

こ (ko)

Vocabulary Examples
  • 子どもこども
    Child / Children
  • 女子じょし
    Girl / Female
Woman / Female3 strokes
On'yomi

ジョ / ニョ (jo / nyo)

Kun'yomi

おんな (onna)

Vocabulary Examples
  • 女の人おんなのひと
    Woman
  • 女の子おんなのこ
    Girl
Man / Male7 strokes
On'yomi

ダン / ナン (dan / nan)

Kun'yomi

おとこ (otoko)

Vocabulary Examples
  • 男の人おとこのひと
    Man
  • 男の子おとこのこ
    Boy
Mouth3 strokes
On'yomi

コウ / ク (kou / ku)

Kun'yomi

くち (kuchi)

Vocabulary Examples
  • くち
    Mouth
  • 人口じんこう
    Population (People-Mouth)

2. Directions and Position

These Kanji are used to indicate where things are geographically or relatively.

Up / Above / On3 strokes
On'yomi

ジョウ (jou)

Kun'yomi

うえ / あ(がる) (ue / a)

Vocabulary Examples
  • うえ
    Up / Above
  • 上がるあがる
    To go up / To rise
Down / Below / Under3 strokes
On'yomi

カ / ゲ (ka / ge)

Kun'yomi

した / さ(がる) (shita / sa)

Vocabulary Examples
  • した
    Down / Below
  • 下がるさがる
    To go down / To fall
Left5 strokes
On'yomi

サ (sa)

Kun'yomi

ひだり (hidari)

Vocabulary Examples
  • ひだり
    Left
  • 左手ひだりて
    Left hand
Right5 strokes
On'yomi

ウ / ユウ (u / yuu)

Kun'yomi

みぎ (migi)

Vocabulary Examples
  • みぎ
    Right
  • 右手みぎて
    Right hand
Middle / Inside4 strokes
On'yomi

チュウ (chuu)

Kun'yomi

なか (naka)

Vocabulary Examples
  • なか
    Inside / Middle
  • 一日中いちにちじゅう
    All day long

3. Sizes (Big and Small)

Big / Large3 strokes
On'yomi

ダイ / タイ (dai / tai)

Kun'yomi

おお(きい) (oo)

Vocabulary Examples
  • 大きいおおきい
    Big
  • 大学だいがく
    University (Big Learning)
Small / Little3 strokes
On'yomi

ショウ (shou)

Kun'yomi

ちい(さい) / こ (chii / ko)

Vocabulary Examples
  • 小さいちいさい
    Small
  • 小川おがわ
    Stream (Small River)

4. Nation & Language

These two Kanji are frequently paired together or paired with country names to denote nationalities and languages.

Country / Nation8 strokes
On'yomi

コク (koku)

Kun'yomi

くに (kuni)

Vocabulary Examples
  • くに
    Country
  • 外国がいこく
    Foreign country
  • 中国ちゅうごく
    China (Middle Country)
Language / Word14 strokes
On'yomi

ゴ (go)

Kun'yomi

かた(る) (kata)

Vocabulary Examples
  • 日本語にほんご
    Japanese language
  • 英語えいご
    English language
  • 外国語がいこくご
    Foreign language
Grammar Point
[Country] + 人 / [Country] + 語
MeaningCreating nationalities and languages
Formation
[Country Name] + 人 (じん) = Nationality | [Country Name] + 語 (ご) = Language
Examples (3)

日本 (Japan) + 人 = 日本人 (Japanese person)

Nihonjin

Nationality: Japanese person

日本 (Japan) + 語 = 日本語 (Japanese language)

Nihongo

Language: Japanese

アメリカ (America) + 人 = アメリカ人 (American person)

Amerikajin

Nationality: American person

Conversation Practice

Talking About Nationalities
T
Tanaka

スミスさん は アメリカ人 ですか。

Sumisu-san wa Amerikajin desu ka.

Mr. Smith, are you American?

S
Smith

はい、わたし は アメリカ人 です。たなかさん は 日本人 です ね。

Hai, watashi wa Amerikajin desu. Tanaka-san wa Nihonjin desu ne.

Yes, I am American. You are Japanese, right?

T
Tanaka

そうです。スミスさん は 日本語 の 学生 です か。

Sou desu. Sumisu-san wa Nihongo no gakusei desu ka.

That's right. Are you a student of the Japanese language?

S
Smith

はい、大きい 大学 の 学生 です。

Hai, ookii daigaku no gakusei desu.

Yes, I am a student at a big university.

T
Tanaka

あの 女の人 も 学生 です か。

Ano onna no hito mo gakusei desu ka.

Is that woman over there also a student?

S
Smith

いいえ、あの 女の人 は 先生 です。

Iie, ano onna no hito wa sensei desu.

No, that woman is a teacher.

Chapter Summary

Key Takeaways
  • 1Adding 人 (jin) to a country makes it a nationality (e.g., 日本人 = Japanese person).
  • 2Adding 語 (go) to a country makes it a language (e.g., 日本語 = Japanese language).
  • 3Size is represented by 大 (Big) and 小 (Small), which often combine with verbs or nouns.
  • 4Spatial relationships like 上 (Up), 下 (Down), 左 (Left), 右 (Right), and 中 (Middle) are critical for giving directions.
  • 5人口 (Population) is literally 'Person Mouth' - counting the mouths to feed!

Knowledge Check

Test your memory of these 14 new Kanji!

🧩

Quiz

1 / 15

Which of the following Kanji means 'Woman'?